Kinematic Evidence for an Embedded Planet in the IM Lupi Disk

We test the hypothesis that an embedded giant planet in the IM Lupi protostellar disk can produce velocity kinks seen in CO line observations as well as the spiral arms seen in scattered light and continuum emission. We inject planets into 3D hydrodynamics simulations of IM Lupi, generating synthetic observations using Monte Carlo radiative transfer. We find that an embedded planet of 2–3 MJup can reproduce non-Keplerian velocity perturbations, or "kinks", in the 12CO J = 2–1 channel maps. Such a planet can also explain the spiral arms seen in 1.25 mm dust continuum emission and 1.6 μm scattered-light images. We show that the wake of the planet can be traced in the observed peak velocity map, which appears to closely follow the morphology expected from our simulations and from analytic models of planet–disk interaction.