A Review on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

A Review on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Safeetha Shamsudheen Vimal Mathew B. S. Venkateswarlu Risvana Iqubal Mariya Palathingal T. V. Ashira Ali Smiya Mathew D. Uma Maheswari

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by flagellated protozoans belonging to the genus Leishmania. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease transmitted by sandflies called phlebotomine that causes a variety of skin lesions. It has a wide range of clinical manifestations that are influenced by a number of unknown parasite and host factors. The disease can take many forms, ranging from self-limited and even self-healing cutaneous manifestations to fatal systemic disease. The standard treatment is pentavalent antimony. Pentavalent antimonials are the cornerstones of cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment, with novel oral and topical options on the horizon. Many lesions heal on their own and does not need to be treated. Antimonials are likely to cause a high number of reversible side effects. Other medications used in treatment include amphotericin B, pentamidine isethionate, paromomycin and antifungals. Although the cutaneous version of the disease is frequently self-limiting, it can leave considerable scarring and lead to more invasive mucocutaneous disease. As a result, treatment to prevent these problems may be considered. In endemic regions, leishmania parasites are frequently diagnosed clinically and, if possible, by microscopic inspection of lesion biopsy samples to visually confirm the aetiology. In non-endemic nations, the use of more advanced medical procedures that allow for species identification is mainly limited to research or therapeutic contexts. The application, use and adverse effects of drugs for systemic and topical treatment are also described.
12 26 2021 2510 2519 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i60B34907 https://journaljpri.com/index.php/JPRI/article/view/6953 https://www.journaljpri.com/index.php/JPRI/article/download/34907/65868 https://www.journaljpri.com/index.php/JPRI/article/download/34907/65868 https://www.journaljpri.com/index.php/JPRI/article/download/34907/65869