Giant Bilateral Angiomyolipoma Associated with Tuberous Sclerosis of Bourneville: Exceptional Case and Therapeutic Dilemma

Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a mesenchymal tumour composed of variable proportions of adipose tissue and vascular and smooth muscle elements. It can cause potentially life-threatening complications.

This report aims to describe a bilateral angiomyolipoma associated with tuberous sclerosis of Bourneville; the second aim is to discuss the treatment modalities of this disease.

A 51-year-old woman with abdominal mass and characteristic triad: Epilepsy, mental retardation and skin lesions (adenoma) (Fig. 1), with no notion of hematuria or abdominal pain, abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography showing bilateral renal masses of 28.4×17 cm on the left kidney and 22× 11.7 cm on the right, respectively (Fig. 2-3). Serum creatinine was 13.4g/l.

Body-scan imaging finds cardiac rhabdomyoma (Fig. 4) and brain calcifications (Fig. 5). the patient underwent surveillance with scan imaging every month, and at the last control, she was asymptomatic, serum creatinine was still normal. The management of giant bilateral AML is a complex and multifactorial decision. Patients can knowingly choose an active surveillance program, even with giant AML, but the economic situation and mental status can limit the therapeutic choice.